jargons_on_internet_related_to_tech
Jargons on Internet related to tech.

Jargons on Internet related to tech.

Tech ki padhayi karte hai Hitesh and Piyush sir se to tech ki baat karenge naa

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Priyansu Dash
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13 min read

The word jargon comes from the Old French word jargoun, which means "twittering" —> Gemini AI

"Corporate jargon" refers to specialized words or phrases used within the business world that may not easily understandable outside people

Jargons in real life → When two best friends talk to each other, they use some words that others cannot understand.

Some Jargons with real life examples:-

  1. User Agent :-

    meaning:- It is a software application (like a web browser, crawler, or mobile app) that communicates with a server to request resources or interact with a web service.

    The user agent string is a piece of text sent by the browser to the server in the HTTP request headers. It identifies the browser, its version, the operating system, and sometimes other details.

    Example:-

    If you visit a website like chaicode.com on your laptop running Windows 10 using the Chrome browser, it shares data such as:

    • Type of device: Desktop/Laptop

    • Browser: Chrome

    • Operating system: Windows 10

Analogy:-

When you go to your school’s headmaster and share simple details about yourself, like:

  • "I am Priyansu."

  • "I am a student of your school."

  • "I am in class 12."

  1. TCP:-

meaning :- Stands for Transmission Control Protocol. A protocol is a set of rules that defines how data is transmitted and received between devices. Simply means transferring something (e.g., data) from one place to another.

When HTTP was first introduced, we could only share text. Over time, HTTP evolved to support other types of content, such as images, and now, it supports a wide range of file types like MP4, MP3, PDFs, and many more.

To transfer these files from one system to another (or between a client and server), certain rules and mechanisms are required to ensure data is sent, received, and understood correctly. These rules are defined by protocols like TCP.

Example:- Imagine you're streaming a video on YouTube. Here's how TCP ensures smooth and reliable data transmission:

→ Connection Establishment (Three-Way Handshake):

  • Your browser (client) sends a SYN request to the YouTube server, asking to start a connection.

  • The YouTube server responds with a SYN-ACK acknowledgment.

  • Your browser replies with an ACK to confirm the connection.

SYN stands for synchronize hota hai, Ye client aur server ke beech connection start karne ke liye bheja jata hai.

step 1:- Client ek SYN packet server ko bhejta hai, jo connection establish karne ki request hoti hai. Is packet ke andar ek Sequence Number hota hai jo data transfer ko track karta hai.

step 2:- [SYN-ACK(server → client)]→ Server SYN request ko accept karta hai aur ek ACK (Acknowledgment) ke sath apna SYN packet client ko wapas bhejta hai.

step 3:- [ACK (Client → Server)] → Client server ke SYN-ACK ko accept karta hai aur ek ACK bhejta hai. Uske baad connection establish ho jata hai aur data transfer start ho sakta hai.

THIS IS KNOWN AS THREE WAY HANDSHAKE

→ Data Transfer:

  • The video is divided into small packets and sent to your browser.

  • Each packet has a sequence number to ensure the data is received in order.

  • When your browser receives a packet, it sends an ACK to the server, confirming receipt.

  • If any packet is lost during transmission, TCP detects it and requests the server to retransmit the lost packet.

→ Order and Reliability:

  • TCP ensures that the packets are reassembled in the correct order so you can watch the video seamlessly.

  • If packets arrive out of order or are corrupted, TCP rearranges or requests retransmission.

→ Connection Termination:

  • When you stop the video or close the browser, your browser and the YouTube server exchange FIN (finish) packets to gracefully close the connection.

analogy :- Imagine you're shopping on an e-commerce platform, and here's how the process works, from connection establishment to order fulfillment.

→ Connection Establishment :-

  • You (the customer) decide to make a purchase and create an order on the e-commerce platform.

  • The platform then generates an order ID (like a token that uniquely identifies your order). This order ID acts as a reference for everything related to your order.

→ Sharing the Order Information with Sellers:

  • The e-commerce platform needs to send the order information to the relevant sellers to fulfill the order.

  • The platform checks its database and identifies the sellers who can fulfill the order based on the product and location.

  • The platform then shares the order ID (ORD12345) with the relevant sellers.

→ Seller Acknowledgment and Confirmation:-

The seller receives the order ID and verifies the product availability. If the product is available, the seller confirms to the platform that they can fulfill the order.

For example, ABC Electronics might confirm:

  • "I have the laptop in stock and can ship it."

  • The seller sends back an ACK (acknowledgment) of the order to the platform, along with any shipping details (tracking number, estimated delivery time).

→ Processing Payment and Shipping:

  • Once the seller confirms, the platform processes the payment (through a payment gateway like credit card, PayPal, etc.) and provides you with the order confirmation.

  • The platform and seller both update their systems with the order ID, and your order is now in progress.

    • The seller ships the laptop and provides tracking information.

    • The platform notifies you (the customer) about the order status (shipped, in transit, delivered).

  1. FTP :- Stands for File Transfer Protocol, it is used to transfer files between a client and a server over a network. It works on the client-server model, where the client requests files from the server, and the server provides them.

Example:-

Imagine you are a website administrator who needs to update a website by uploading files:

  1. Connecting to the FTP Server:
    You use an FTP client like FileZilla to connect to the FTP server of the website by entering the server’s address, username, and password.

  2. Uploading Files:
    After connecting, you browse your local computer for files (e.g., HTML, CSS, images) that need to be uploaded. You drag and drop them into the server directory where the website's files are stored.

  3. Download Files:
    If you need to back up files or retrieve logs, you select them from the server and download them to your local machine.

  4. Disconnecting:
    Once all files are uploaded/downloaded, you disconnect from the FTP server.

analogy :- Sending Documents via a Courier Service

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is like using a courier service to send and receive documents between two parties (client and server):

  1. Connection Setup: You arrange a pickup with the courier service, similar to connecting to an FTP server by providing the necessary details.

  2. Command Channel: You give the courier specific instructions on which documents to send, like sending commands (upload, download) to the FTP server.

  3. Data Transfer: The courier delivers the package (documents), just like FTP transfers files between the client and the server.

  4. Data Channel: The courier uses a dedicated route to deliver the documents, similar to how FTP uses a separate data channel for file transfer.

  5. Modes: In active mode, the courier picks up the documents from your side, while in passive mode, the recipient (server) requests the delivery.

  6. Session Closure: After delivery, both you and your colleague confirm receipt, just like FTP confirms successful file transfer and closes the connection.

  1. IP :- Stands for Internet Protocol which is a set of rules that govern how data is sent and received over the internet or a network. It is responsible for addressing, routing, and delivering data packets from the source to the destination.

How IP Works:

  1. Data Sending:
    When you send data over the internet, it is broken into smaller packets. Each packet contains the IP address of both the sender and the receiver.

  2. Routing the Packets:
    The routers on the internet use the IP address to direct the packets to the correct destination. Routers look at the IP address in each packet and send it along the best available path.

  3. Reassembly:
    Once the packets arrive at the destination, they are reassembled in the correct order to form the original data (e.g., a webpage, email, or file).

  4. Delivery Confirmation:
    The receiver sends an acknowledgment back to the sender, confirming that the data has been received.

analogy :-IP address ek ghar ka address ki tarah hota hai jo aapke device ko internet par identify karta hai. Jaise ek letter ko ek specific address par bheja jata hai taaki wo sahi ghar tak pahuch sake, waise hi data packets ko IP address diya jata hai taaki wo sahi device tak pahuch sake. Routers ko aap postal services ke jaise samajh sakte hain, jo ensure karte hain ki packets sahi raaste par chalke apne destination tak pahuch jayein, jaise ek postman ensure karta hai ki letter sahi address tak pahuche.

  1. URL :- A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the web address used to access resources on the internet, such as websites, images, or videos. It specifies the location of a resource and the protocol to use for accessing it. A URL typically consists of several parts: the protocol (e.g., https), the domain name (e.g., google.com), and the path (e.g., /search). For example, https://www.example.com/index.html points to an HTML file on the example website.

Example

Analogy :- URL ko aap aise samajh sakte hain jaise ek post office ka address. Jab aapko koi letter bhejna hota hai, to aapko sender aur receiver ka address zaroori hota hai. Sender ka address jahan se letter jaa raha hai aur receiver ka address jahan letter jana hai, waise hi URL se browser ko pata chalta hai ki data kahaan se lekar kahaan jaana hai. Jaise ek address mein city, village, aur building ka naam hota hai, waise hi URL me protocol, domain, aur path hote hain.

  1. DNS :- DNS is like the phonebook of the internet. It translates user-friendly domain names (like google.com) into the machine-readable IP addresses (like 172.217.4.206) that computers use to communicate with each other. When you type a website address in your browser, DNS helps find the corresponding IP address of that website to load the page.

analogy :- Maan lijiye aap kisi ko phone karna chahte hain. Aap unka naam jaante hain, lekin phone number nahi pata. Aap apna contacts check karte hain taaki us insaan ka phone number mil sake. Waise hi, jab aap website ka naam (jaise google.com) type karte hain, aapka device DNS ko ek "contact book" ke jaise use karta hai, jo us website ka sahi IP address dhoondh kar aapko us server se connect karta hai.

  1. Header :- A header is a part of the request or response that contains important metadata or additional information. When you access a web page, send a request to the server, or the server sends a response, the header provides details such as content type, authentication info, session info, server info, etc., which helps in understanding the request or response better.

    Example :-

    • Request Header: When you open a website in your browser, the browser sends a request header to the server containing information about your browser type, language preference, and cookies.

    • Response Header: When the server responds, the response header contains details such as the server type, content type, and status code (like 200 OK or 404 Not Found).

analogy :- Header ko samajhna aise hai jaise aap letter bhejte waqt uske envelope pe sender ki details aur receiver ki details likhte hain.

  1. Envelope (Header): Jab aap ek letter bhejte hain, to us envelope pe aap sender ka address, receiver ka address, aur agar koi priority ya urgent hai, to wo bhi likhte hain. Ye sab envelope pe likha gaya data letter ke contents ke baare mein additional information provide karta hai.

  2. Letter (Body): Actual content ya letter ka message jo aap bhejna chahte hain, wo letter body ke andar hota hai, jaise web request/response ka body.

Toh, jaise envelope mein sender aur receiver ke information ke saath aur kuch special instructions hoti hain, waise hi header mein request/response ke baare mein zaroori information hoti hai jo server ya client ko request ya response ko samajhne mein madad karti hai.

  1. Payload :-Payload refers to the actual data or content that is being transferred in a request or response. It is the primary part of the message that contains the intended information, such as the body of a web request or response. In simple terms, it's the "main" content that you're sending or receiving, excluding any metadata like headers.

Example:-

  • In a POST request, when submitting a form, the data entered in the form fields (like name, email, and message) is the payload being sent to the server.

  • In a GET request, the data received from the server in response, such as HTML content or JSON data, is the payload.

Analogy :-Imagine, aap ek restaurant mein hain aur aapne ek dish order ki hai.

  • Order, jo aap waiter ko dete hain, woh request hai.

  • Menu, jo aapko dish ke type aur details batata hai, woh header hai, kyunki yeh waiter ko batata hai ki aapko kya chahiye

  • Aapki table par jo dish aati hai, woh payload hai—yani main content, aapke order ka asli kaaran aur woh data jo aap expect kar rahe the.

  1. Cache :-A cache is a temporary storage space where data is stored for quick access. The purpose of caching is to store frequently accessed data or resources so that they can be retrieved more quickly when needed, without having to fetch or regenerate them repeatedly from the original source (like a server or database). Caching helps in improving the performance and speed of applications by reducing load times and resource consumption.

In web development, the cache is often used for storing static files like images, CSS, JavaScript, or even entire web pages so that they don't need to be reloaded from the server each time you visit a page.

Example :- When you visit a website for the first time, the browser stores the site's images, CSS files, and JavaScript files in the cache. The next time you visit the same website, these files are quickly loaded from the cache instead of being downloaded again from the server, making the page load faster.

Analogy :- Jab humein bhook lagti hai, toh hum ek shop par jaate hain aur kuch biscuits kharidte hain. Hum kuch biscuits kha lete hain aur bache hue biscuits apni kitchen mein rakh dete hain. Agli baar jab humein phir se bhook lagegi, toh hum wahi bache hue biscuits kha sakte hain bina shop jaaye.

Yeh bilkul us tarah hai jaise cache kaam karta hai, jo ek temporary storage ki tarah hota hai. Yeh humein frequently used data jaldi access karne ki suvidha deta hai bina baar-baar original source se retrieve kiye.

  1. Cookie:- A cookie is a small piece of data stored on a user's device by a website. Cookies are used to remember information about the user to improve their browsing experience, such as login credentials, shopping cart contents, or preferences.

    Cookies are sent by the server to the user's browser, which stores them and sends them back to the server with each subsequent request, allowing the website to recognize the user and provide personalized content.

    Example :-When you log in to an e-commerce website, a cookie is created to keep you logged in. If you add items to your cart but leave the website, the next time you return, the items will still be in your cart because of the cookie.

    Analogy :- Maan lijiye ki aap pehli baar ek gym join karte hain. Registration ke dauraan, gym staff ek membership card banata hai jisme aapke details hote hain, jaise aapka naam, workout preferences, aur membership type. Har baar jab aap gym jaate hain, aap yeh card dikhate hain, aur staff turant samajh jaata hai ki aapke preferences kya hain, jaise kaunsa equipment ya personal trainer aapko pasand hai.

    Is analogy mein:

    • Gym ek website ko represent karta hai.

    • Membership card ek cookie ke saman hai.

    • Card par likhe aapke details wahi data hain jo cookie mein store hote hain.

Jis tarah membership card gym ko aapko pehchaanne aur behtar service dene mein madad karta hai, usi tarah cookies websites ko aapke preferences yaad rakhne aur aapke online experience ko sudharne mein madad karti hain.